tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15610219493308087812024-03-06T00:57:33.089-08:00Ancient TidesGregory LeFeverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11872137290650811690noreply@blogger.comBlogger574125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1561021949330808781.post-84783969936462142672015-04-01T16:36:00.001-07:002015-04-01T16:41:46.532-07:00Search Pending for Tiahuanaco "Underground Anamolies"<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNwy7FFZEjZG0P_9rwzuSsEW53xpitGwv4yE46-qyK6B5O1rDpRcvjZAhKe8ekxITxy2wzSmCJ-e3uPQ4_8o6NqYJo3jyNSUz111UOCRd8Uba5KDOGB2gBBBIu1BjNI2BveAvZrKugoCNH/s1600/Ponce-stela.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNwy7FFZEjZG0P_9rwzuSsEW53xpitGwv4yE46-qyK6B5O1rDpRcvjZAhKe8ekxITxy2wzSmCJ-e3uPQ4_8o6NqYJo3jyNSUz111UOCRd8Uba5KDOGB2gBBBIu1BjNI2BveAvZrKugoCNH/s1600/Ponce-stela.jpg" height="400" width="327" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.5pt;">Archaeologists
from the Tiahuanaco Archeological Research Center have discovered an
underground pyramid at the site of the ancient fortress in western Bolivia,
using ground-penetrating radar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.5pt;">Meanwhile, the
Bolivian government has announced excavations are set to begin this summer on
the new find at the Kantatallita area of Tiahuanaco, about 40 miles west of La
Paz. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.5pt;">Using
ground-penetrating radar, researchers say they’ve found “underground anomalies”
that might be monoliths.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.5pt;">Ludwing
Cayo, director of the Tiahuanaco Archeological Research Center told<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.efe.com/efe/noticias/english/4" style="font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit;"><b><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #a7691b; font-family: "inherit","serif"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">EFE News Agency</span></b></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>that Tiahuanaco will be undergoing
further investigations over the next five years. This is welcome news to some,
as the site and stone monuments may have suffered from exposure weathering
4,000 meters above sea level.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.5pt;">It was
the capital of an empire that extended into present-day Peru and Chile,
flourishing from 300 to 1000 AD, and is believed to be one of the most
important cities of ancient America. Andean legends claim the area around
Lake Titicaca was the cradle of the first humans on earth. According to the
myths, Lord</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viracocha" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit;"><b><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #a7691b; font-family: "inherit","serif"; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Viracocha</span></b></a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.5pt;">, the
creator of all things, chose it as the place of creation. </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.5pt;">The age of the Tiahuanaco
ruins is unknown, but some researchers suggest that they date to 14,000 years BC.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.5pt;"><a href="http://www.ancient-origins.net/news-history-archaeology/archaeologists-find-underground-pyramid-tiahuanaco-bolivia-020278">Click here for the full article.</a></span></div>
Gregory LeFeverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11872137290650811690noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1561021949330808781.post-3296567725880805272015-01-27T11:10:00.000-08:002015-01-27T11:11:45.525-08:00Civilization Timelines Keep Getting Earlier<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4NPvNYCJp9UHTEr28dzBFFrWxc7kL0x7KQpAz13HYrerl-VzDh0ah4u9fMGQ4BQfkmKE49bimjy6AJj54uuDYGJV434f9tMyqaeb5i2RAcqkWluXhhRpK2RYsQ2VC95rYHtfB964B0pST/s1600/underwater.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4NPvNYCJp9UHTEr28dzBFFrWxc7kL0x7KQpAz13HYrerl-VzDh0ah4u9fMGQ4BQfkmKE49bimjy6AJj54uuDYGJV434f9tMyqaeb5i2RAcqkWluXhhRpK2RYsQ2VC95rYHtfB964B0pST/s1600/underwater.jpg" height="231" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Anyone studying the
origins of human civilization on earth is aware of the earlier, earlier,
earlier start-dates archaeologists are citing. The reasons are basically the
discovery of previously unexplored sites and the enhanced technology enabling
more precise dating of artifacts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Here’s a wrap-up of some
newer findings, especially the Gunung Padang site in Indonesia, first thought
to be a natural hill but now revealed as a 300-foot step pyramid. According to
The Mind Unleashed website:</span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The hill was actually not
a natural hill but a 300-ft high step-pyramid. And what’s even more
controversial is that the structure was much older than anyone imagined . . . Radiocarbon
dated the terrace structures at around 500 to 1,500 BC, similar to previous estimates.</span></span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">. . . As the drills dug
deeper, Natawidjaja continued to discover that the columnar basalt structures
extended far beneath the surface and yielded much older dates. At depths of 90
feet and more, the material was found to be 20,000 BC to 22,000 BC years old.
Using radiocarbon dating, he and his team proved that man-made megalithic
structures and hence a prehistoric human civilization existed well into the Ice
Age.</span></span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Gunung Padang is a recent
addition to the growing list of archaeological sites proving that our history
books regarding early civilizations are now hopelessly out of date.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://themindunleashed.org/2014/09/new-evidence-lost-civilizations-really-existed.html">Click here for the article.</a></span></div>
Gregory LeFeverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11872137290650811690noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1561021949330808781.post-16805257376246581672015-01-23T17:02:00.000-08:002015-01-23T17:02:00.129-08:00New Research on Peruvian High-Elevation "Lost City"<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPzUTTVDJBriE5jzkhCeTx6ulAq7dURhw44WgdvrcmgcD_l-IQLAr9_BST6mfGPRoC1wljlobwHIII_JidAjTxH0p7C-RQntkVI7yq11et7zyD3rm5qV9PAYy0Mt12ppGkn5ztShVydDg1/s1600/Choquequirao-Ziegler.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPzUTTVDJBriE5jzkhCeTx6ulAq7dURhw44WgdvrcmgcD_l-IQLAr9_BST6mfGPRoC1wljlobwHIII_JidAjTxH0p7C-RQntkVI7yq11et7zyD3rm5qV9PAYy0Mt12ppGkn5ztShVydDg1/s1600/Choquequirao-Ziegler.png" height="320" width="233" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Choquequirao is</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> a truly “lost city,” abandoned around 1572 when the last Inca
ruler, Tupac Amaru, was captured in the distant jungles, dragged back to
Cusco and executed by Spanish colonial authorities.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Choquequirao’s ancient houses, temples,
canals and walls were soon reclaimed by the silent, green, primeval forest
only to be rediscovered and revealed in recent times. Located on the
unpopulated side of the immense Apurimac Canyon, the region has remained
disconnected from the farms, villages and roads.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">In this account from Peruvian Times,
archaeologist Gary Ziegler writes:</span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="color: #990000;">It is little known that Yale professor Hiram
Bingham, the now famous scientific discoverer of Machu Picchu in 1911 was
inspired to launch his return to Peru and archaeological explorations after a
visit to Choquequirao in 1909. Bingham visited Choquequirao twice, the second
time with a crew of surveyors, cartographers and specialists to produce the
first map and scientific description.</span></span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Like many other Incan sites, Choquequiarao appears to have been carefully designed according to astronomical alignment with sacred rivers, mountains and celestial movements.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p><a href="http://www.peruviantimes.com/06/beyond-machu-picchu-choquequirao-lost-city-in-the-clouds/23519/">Click here to read the article.</a></o:p></span></div>
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Gregory LeFeverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11872137290650811690noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1561021949330808781.post-34288103853932362342015-01-22T13:05:00.002-08:002015-01-22T13:07:50.675-08:00More Uses Deduced for AntikytheraScientists keep edging closer to determining the who, what and why of the Antikythera Mechanism recovered from an ancient shipwreck near Crete in 1901.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7XS0VXepvo-ocYjOrtYQoPKnQXIeKMx3TGOrq-GkHJcQDEL3GnBXJu4TKmmTBb8PhhXp3Umx83QyVZ3m1JIoiKOjCjGIdpcG1bgLPamarPulE8d2-ypUf6xGOPEWsiRR4BqlnF6VbxIYR/s1600/25DEVI1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7XS0VXepvo-ocYjOrtYQoPKnQXIeKMx3TGOrq-GkHJcQDEL3GnBXJu4TKmmTBb8PhhXp3Umx83QyVZ3m1JIoiKOjCjGIdpcG1bgLPamarPulE8d2-ypUf6xGOPEWsiRR4BqlnF6VbxIYR/s1600/25DEVI1.jpg" height="320" width="316" /></a></div>
So far, we know the strange, complex assembly of bronze gears could accurately predict lunar and solar eclipses and tell the positions of planets throughout the solar system.</blockquote>
According to the New York Times:<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #990000; font-family: inherit;">Now a new
analysis of the dial used to predict eclipses, which is set on the back of the
mechanism, provides yet another clue to one of history’s most intriguing
puzzles.</span><span style="color: #990000;"> </span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Christián C. Carman, a science historian at the National University of
Quilmes in Argentina, and <a href="http://www2.ups.edu/faculty/jcevans/">James
Evans</a>, a physicist at the University of Puget Sound in Washington, suggest
that the calendar of the mysterious device <a href="http://www.antikythera-mechanism.gr/node/728" title="Article abstract.">began
in 205 B.C.</a>, just seven years after Archimedes died.</span><o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></o:p></span> <span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The
mechanism was most likely housed in a wooden box and operated by a hand crank.
The device itself bears inscriptions on the front and back. In the 1970s, the
engravings <a href="http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3103259?uid=3739560&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21105270818523">were
estimated to date from 87 B.C.</a> But more recently, scientists examining
the forms of the Greek letters in the inscriptions <a href="http://www.antikythera-mechanism.gr/system/files/0608_Nature.pdf">dated
the mechanism to 150 to 100 B.C.</a></span></span> </blockquote>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Over the
years scientists have speculated that the mechanism might have been somehow
linked to Archimedes, one of history’s most famous mathematicians and
inventors. In 2008, a group of researchers reported that language inscribed on
the device suggested it had been manufactured in Corinth or in Syracuse, where
Archimedes lived.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/25/science/solving-the-riddles-of-an-early-astronomical-calculator.html?_r=0">Click here to read the article.</a></span></div>
Gregory LeFeverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11872137290650811690noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1561021949330808781.post-33811169913174232202015-01-20T12:31:00.000-08:002015-01-22T14:25:17.709-08:00Aboriginal Stories Tell of Rising Sea Levels<div class="separator tr_bq" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi12cw7vK0nNiF8VSFAksrnR5M1wP-H_ZYIYB9Mcj57jZ7ZcISM6ZnZS68PjagfGvNzhAi0ihPhcCnACLB9w4HT2yr176JryX-tuFRMXrZzGeA6BunTY4oSHuIfcHYbzMkHJzTxLJgwB76y/s1600/aboriginal.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi12cw7vK0nNiF8VSFAksrnR5M1wP-H_ZYIYB9Mcj57jZ7ZcISM6ZnZS68PjagfGvNzhAi0ihPhcCnACLB9w4HT2yr176JryX-tuFRMXrZzGeA6BunTY4oSHuIfcHYbzMkHJzTxLJgwB76y/s1600/aboriginal.jpg" height="266" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">New research into early Aboriginal stories set along Australia's coast has detected evidence of dramatically rising shoreline waters over several thousand years. It seems that sea level about 20,000 years ago was 120 meters below its current level, rising 13,000 years ago to about 70 meters below current sea level. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">It seems today's sea level was finally reached only about 6,000 years ago. Linguists have also uncovered ancient Aboriginal tales about living where the Great Barrier Reef now stands.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">How do we know that these stories are authentic? We suggest that because they all say essentially the same thing, it is more likely that they are based on observation," according to the article in The Conversation.com. "All tell of the ocean rising over areas that had previously been dry. None tell stories running the other way ~ of seas falling to expose land."</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">"We might expect to find comparable collections of sea-level rise stories from all parts of the globe, but we do not," it continues. "Perhaps they exist, but have been dismissed on account of an improbable antiquity by scholars adhering to the more orthodox view that oral traditions rarely can't survive more than a millennium."</span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://theconversation.com/ancient-aboriginal-stories-preserve-history-of-a-rise-in-sea-level-36010">Click here for the article.</a></div>
Gregory LeFeverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11872137290650811690noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1561021949330808781.post-87591192747916335302014-02-16T09:07:00.001-08:002014-10-19T09:10:07.833-07:00Clovis DNA Points to Native-American OriginsThe genetic sequence from a prehistoric baby in a 12,000-year-old
Clovis burial site in Montana is providing significant data on the origins of
the earliest Americans. Until now, archaeologists have had to rely mainly on tools
made of stone and bone, and other artifacts to tell the story of human
migration about 15,000 years ago to the New World.<br />
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5D1VyTWUgQraqLc2dHbK12RFPo7VSSVIv0cVuBTI7E74C5UIZ5aRcbZ629qGW4XhJ3ZRtlGxft8YM-1sUYLOWLrhyphenhyphenBOrMnFLUwGBS4QB0V0RRwjpkbFe-97mBPb0ZP0drHqVq2rhQ4Bh4/s1600/Clovis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5D1VyTWUgQraqLc2dHbK12RFPo7VSSVIv0cVuBTI7E74C5UIZ5aRcbZ629qGW4XhJ3ZRtlGxft8YM-1sUYLOWLrhyphenhyphenBOrMnFLUwGBS4QB0V0RRwjpkbFe-97mBPb0ZP0drHqVq2rhQ4Bh4/s1600/Clovis.jpg" height="261" width="400" /></a>Now that story is bolstered with some dramatic, ancient
DNA, extracted from the remains of a 1-year-old boy who died in what is now Montana
more than 12,000 years ago, according to a study described in Nature magazine.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">"Clovis is what we like to refer to as an
'archaeological complex,' " says <a href="http://www.npr.org/2014/02/13/276021092/anthropology.tamu.edu/html/profile%E2%80%94michaelwaters.html">Michael
Waters</a>, an archaeologist at Texas A&M University.</span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">That complex is
defined by characteristic tools, he says. </span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">The Clovis artifacts were common for about 400 years,
starting about 13,000 years ago. But at this point, there is only one set of
human remains associated with those sorts of tools: that of the baby from
Montana. </span><span style="color: #990000;">"So this genetic study actually provides us with a
look at who these people were," Waters says.</span></blockquote>
</div>
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The most obvious conclusion from the study is that the
Clovis people who lived on the Anzick site in Montana were genetically
very much like Native Americans throughout the Western Hemisphere.<o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
Image: <i style="text-align: center;">Depiction of Clovis people, Mastodon State Park, Missouri</i></div>
</div>
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<a href="http://www.npr.org/2014/02/13/276021092/ancient-dna-ties-native-americans-from-two-continents-to-clovis">Click here for the article.</a><o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
Gregory LeFeverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11872137290650811690noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1561021949330808781.post-4953030099166955822014-01-25T15:54:00.001-08:002014-10-18T17:15:40.494-07:00If Noah's Ark Existed, Was It Round?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ61wSuyrgbsNMHv0pdoaa4w8wozcTeT2vKyv5Yf-TLi9z4yqpeQux_xtHPXvPeZzWAeXH0BmA0n1axWbTUt1r1fX56R0Mu8iBrjF37AiMA34hfbVDypmjviZcYsap6XWaWPopCQxPW9SK/s1600/Irving-Finkel-011.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ61wSuyrgbsNMHv0pdoaa4w8wozcTeT2vKyv5Yf-TLi9z4yqpeQux_xtHPXvPeZzWAeXH0BmA0n1axWbTUt1r1fX56R0Mu8iBrjF37AiMA34hfbVDypmjviZcYsap6XWaWPopCQxPW9SK/s1600/Irving-Finkel-011.jpg" height="261" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">After examining a 3,700-year-old
clay tablet with instructions on how to build an ark, the expert who translated
it says he doubts Noah’s Ark ever existed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">The ark instructions call for
construction of a huge circular coracle, 3,600 square meters large and made
like a giant rope basket strengthened with wooden ribs, waterproofed with
bitumen inside and out. What’s described is a giant version of a craft the
Babylonians knew very well, in daily use up to the late 20th century to
transport people and animals across rivers, according to British Museum expert
Irving Finkel. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Calibri;">According to the Guardian: "I
am 107% convinced the ark never existed," Finkel said.</span> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Calibri;">The tablet gives a version of
the ark story far older than the biblical accounts, and Finkel believes the
explanation of how "holy writ appears on this piece of Weetabix," is
that the writers of the Bible drew on ancient accounts encountered by Hebrew
scholars during the Babylonian exile.</span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Calibri;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Calibri;">Texts about a great flood and
the order by God to the one just man to build a boat and save himself, his
family, and all the animals, clearly older than the Bible story, were first
found in the Middle East in the 19th century. They caused both consternation
and wild excitement, including an expedition to find the broken part of one
tablet in a mountain of shattered clay fragments.<o:p></o:p></span>
<br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Calibri;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Calibri;">The tablet was brought to Finkel
on a museum open day by Douglas Simmons, whose father, Leonard, brought it back
to England in a tea-chest full of curios, after wartime service in the Middle
East with the RAF.<o:p></o:p></span>
<br />
<br />
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://www.theguardian.com/culture/2014/jan/24/babylonian-tablet-noah-ark-constructed-british-museum">Click here for the article.</a><o:p></o:p></span>
</div>
Gregory LeFeverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11872137290650811690noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1561021949330808781.post-22447479307259922622014-01-11T15:46:00.002-08:002014-10-18T17:36:18.524-07:00More Paintings Rumored Near Lascaux<div class="" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">nother
cave containing prehistoric paintings may exist just four kilometers from the
famous Lascaux caves in southwestern France. The original cave art at Lascaux
was found in 1940, and attracted hordes of visitors until it was closed to the
public in 1983 to protect the artwork.</span></div>
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<br />
A group of teenagers near the town of Montignac discovered in 1940 a complex
network of Paleolithic caves with a series of 17,000-year-old frescos. According
to Archaeology News Network:</span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiamkUPAvMrJhJye_Hggnn-GXjdMOm3wvB61UIQcq4fPHasuw4AoThw8KEOwFNrZUkM_K-M6VgPgghJmVfdBUb5rubE-TMwwOhNTv1PtivDlj_l5Ike_gJhBMe78pRduT21x4WDGuG9Sr8-/s1600/lascaux+with+man.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiamkUPAvMrJhJye_Hggnn-GXjdMOm3wvB61UIQcq4fPHasuw4AoThw8KEOwFNrZUkM_K-M6VgPgghJmVfdBUb5rubE-TMwwOhNTv1PtivDlj_l5Ike_gJhBMe78pRduT21x4WDGuG9Sr8-/s1600/lascaux+with+man.jpg" height="283" width="400" /></a><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The
rumors of a second cave covered in pre-historic artwork have been circulating
for years, but it appears local authorities are now ready to take them
seriously after one local family shared an extraordinary secret they had kept
to themselves for half a century.</span></span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">According to French media reports this week,
preliminary investigations by the town’s mayor, as well as authorities in the
Dordogne region, have proved promising enough to warrant a more detailed probe
into a patch of land 4 km from the site of the Lascaux caves.</span></span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">“There’s
no certainty, and we are still quite far from having the necessary evidence to
confirm the existence of another decorated cave,” Montignac mayor Laurent
Mathieu told French daily Le Figaro this week.</span></span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Despite
that caution, however, Mathieu did confirm that the culture department of the
Dordogne regional administration would soon be mapping out a 10-hectare area
for “further research.” This region will also be placed under surveillance, to
prevent amateur archaeologists from conducting their own, unsupervised
investigations.</span></span></blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The
possibility of a second discovery near the town came about in August, when an
elderly local woman told the mayor that her husband – who had died in August – had
come across a cave with prehistoric frescos back in 1962, but had covered the
entrance for fear of bringing hassle on himself. The secret had stayed in the family for 51 years, until she finally
shared it with the mayor.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Image: </span><span style="text-align: center;">Researcher examining paintings in the original Lascaux chamber.</span></i></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.it/2014/01/french-town-probes-second-lascaux-cave.html?goback=%2Egde_690807_member_5826310058375417857#%2EUsv9k_RDuGc" style="font-family: Calibri;">Click here for the article</a><span style="font-family: Calibri;">.</span></div>
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<!--[endif]--></span><!--EndFragment-->Gregory LeFeverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11872137290650811690noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1561021949330808781.post-85988857373018174972013-12-16T14:06:00.002-08:002014-10-18T17:19:20.387-07:00Did Rats Eradicate Easter Island Trees?<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">New speculation on what caused
the demise of civilization on Easter Island gives the ancient islanders more
credit for innovative adaptations to environmental problems, though ultimately
the story ends on the same desolate note.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyKEl3r_O5MdYxKfhiiQF3G0SnuYusxp2NXOwTev9uWZZhiM3pZw7rv1Ibkk36HNeFib_kcfaCWef2_O9e47MrJtnIxh9JbsUrD3cbZ01sknItVkBXtWogjMjviab4527VGou2uN4GwJ1M/s1600/800px-Easter_Island,_Rano_Raraku,_moais_(6691014193).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyKEl3r_O5MdYxKfhiiQF3G0SnuYusxp2NXOwTev9uWZZhiM3pZw7rv1Ibkk36HNeFib_kcfaCWef2_O9e47MrJtnIxh9JbsUrD3cbZ01sknItVkBXtWogjMjviab4527VGou2uN4GwJ1M/s400/800px-Easter_Island,_Rano_Raraku,_moais_(6691014193).jpg" height="266" width="400" /></a><span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">The updated theory and sequence
of events come from anthropologists Terry Hunt and Carl Lipo from the
University of Hawaii. According to NPR:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: #990000;">Professors Hunt and
Lipo say fossil hunters and paleobotanists have found no hard evidence that the
first Polynesian settlers set fire to the forest to clear land — what's called
"large scale prehistoric farming."</span></span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: #990000;">The trees did die, no question.
But instead of fire, Hunt and Lipo blame rats . . . Polynesian rats (<em><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; padding: 0in;">Rattus exulans</span></em>) stowed away on those canoes, Hunt and
Lipo say, and once they landed, with no enemies and lots of palm roots to eat,
they went on a binge, eating and destroying tree after tree, and multiplying at
a furious rate.</span></span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">They say the rats played havoc
with the island’s trees, causing a massive degrading of vegetation and
eliminating several animal species. The NPR report concludes: “On Easter
Island, people learned to live with less and forgot what it was like to have
more. Maybe that will happen to us. There's a lesson here. It's not a happy
one.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.npr.org/blogs/krulwich/2013/12/09/249728994/what-happened-on-easter-island-a-new-even-scarier-scenario?utm_medium=Email&utm_campaign=20131215&utm_source=mostemailed">Click here for the article.</a></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Gregory LeFeverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11872137290650811690noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1561021949330808781.post-38919836938520633812013-07-30T15:43:00.000-07:002014-10-18T17:37:56.587-07:00Ashes of Ancient Halls Made Into Mounds<div class="" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Archaeologists in England have unearthed the burned
remains of two massive 6,000-year-old buildings whose ashes were shoveled into
piles to make burial mounds.<br />
<br />
"The buildings seemed to have been deliberately
burned down," says Julian Thomas, a professor at the University of
Manchester who’s leading the excavation. Researchers believe these halls of the
living may have been transformed into "halls of the dead" after a
leader or important social figure died.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMedoUKAGWEbfAFM5M7XJJnIB7ztkIH2B6MFb0j-vq1n-21VckDqGJM5xpFBJ1H-tPRjyZKNsnhUOTUZQWEEtabv-YcrHfBZpjE_xnWWCbK_5PHInPi6B171-mUwArptPw9OvsEHyQxbUv/s1600/dorstone-hill.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMedoUKAGWEbfAFM5M7XJJnIB7ztkIH2B6MFb0j-vq1n-21VckDqGJM5xpFBJ1H-tPRjyZKNsnhUOTUZQWEEtabv-YcrHfBZpjE_xnWWCbK_5PHInPi6B171-mUwArptPw9OvsEHyQxbUv/s400/dorstone-hill.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a>The remnants were uncovered in an open field near
Dorstone Hill in Herefordshire. For decades, amateur archaeologists have
noticed pieces of flint blades in the area and wondered whether the land there
contained relics of a long-forgotten time.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<o:p> </o:p>According to LiveScience.com:</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">When Thomas and his team began excavating, they found
two large burial mounds, or barrows, that could have held anywhere from seven
to 30 people each.</span> <span style="text-align: right;"> </span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">The smaller barrow contained a 23-foot-long (7
meters) mortuary chamber with sockets for two huge tree trunks. Digging deeper,
the researchers uncovered postholes, ash from the timbers, and charred clay
from the walls of an ancient structure.</span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">These burnt remains came from what were once two
long-halls, the biggest of which was up to 230 feet (70 m) long, with aisles
delineated by wooden posts and several internal spaces.</span></blockquote>
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<span style="color: #990000;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjABUF_uHHLOeVYP3lR1hctWNHXBSXfb_lF-GodI0Btm3kB82NeLu-IBzL4R-mApf07-EgUuR6VagXFDyqHHiNa3QqjXNXRdrI459YIV11HOEmPoO070dxF0hm8jyJkJUZHtD5yQEAzn4xh/s1600/neolithic-longhall.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjABUF_uHHLOeVYP3lR1hctWNHXBSXfb_lF-GodI0Btm3kB82NeLu-IBzL4R-mApf07-EgUuR6VagXFDyqHHiNa3QqjXNXRdrI459YIV11HOEmPoO070dxF0hm8jyJkJUZHtD5yQEAzn4xh/s400/neolithic-longhall.jpg" height="216" width="400" /></a>It’s not clear who built the halls and barrows, though
the building construction is similar to that found in England between 4000 B.C.
and 3600 B.C, predating the construction of Stonehenge by a millennium.<o:p></o:p><br />
<br /></div>
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<i><a href="http://www.livescience.com/38546-hall-of-dead-unearthed-england.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+Livesciencecom+%28LiveScience.com+Science+Headline+Feed%29&utm_content=My+Yahoo">Click here for the article.</a></i></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<i>Artist's conception of one of the long halls.</i></div>
<br />Gregory LeFeverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11872137290650811690noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1561021949330808781.post-75451639047660457642013-07-22T12:07:00.002-07:002015-01-15T10:22:57.933-08:00Tablet Tells of Mayan 'Snake Queen'<div class="" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
A tablet from 564 A.D. found beneath the main temple
of the ancient Mayan city El Perú-Waka’ in northern Guatemala reveals what
archaeologists describe as a “dark period” in Mayan history, including the
violent story of a 6th-century “snake queen.”
</div>
</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglEgqyRbny46utwWaG36Qfysmgyq9auSkAnw9L4uTzkYokT6Ou5JX1cD17GSiKs_iTwTNm335YWYuEeruaDAypBexMdFcvU5WJTclcnOSIWTE8wYOp6Ls-kiy6ztr31JG646eNxqxN4a4D/s1600/snake+queen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglEgqyRbny46utwWaG36Qfysmgyq9auSkAnw9L4uTzkYokT6Ou5JX1cD17GSiKs_iTwTNm335YWYuEeruaDAypBexMdFcvU5WJTclcnOSIWTE8wYOp6Ls-kiy6ztr31JG646eNxqxN4a4D/s400/snake+queen.jpg" height="293" width="400" /></a>The stone tablet stood exposed to the elements for a
hundred years, before being buried as an offering in a funeral for another
queen. Epigrapher Stanley Guenter, who deciphered the text, believes the tablet
was dedicated by King Wa’oom Uch’ab Tzi’kin, a title that translates roughly as
“He Who Stands Up the Offering of the Eagle.”
<o:p></o:p></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">“The information in the text provides a new chapter
in the history of the ancient kingdom of Waka’ and its political relations with
the most powerful kingdoms in the Classic period lowland Maya world.”
</span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">Lady Ikoom was a predecessor to one of the greatest
queens of Classic Maya civilization, the seventh-century Maya Holy Snake Lord
known as Lady K’abel who ruled El Perú-Waka’ for more than 20 years with her
husband, King K’inich Bahlam II.
</span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">She was the military governor of the Wak kingdom for
her family, the imperial house of the Snake King, and she carried the title
“Kaloomte,” translated as “Supreme Warrior,” - higher in authority than her
husband, the king.
</span></blockquote>
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<span style="color: #990000;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #990000;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #990000;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Around the year 700, Stela 44 was brought to the main
city temple by command of King K’inich Bahlam II to be buried as an offering,
probably as part of the funeral rituals for his wife, queen Kaloomte’ K’abel.<o:p></o:p><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
Image: <i style="text-align: center;">A portion of the newly discovered tablet.</i></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://uk.news.yahoo.com/mysterious-mayan-tablet-reveals-secrets-of-%E2%80%9Csnake-queen%E2%80%9D--161019184.html"><i>Click here for the article.</i></a><o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment-->Gregory LeFeverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11872137290650811690noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1561021949330808781.post-14520670794251976352013-06-04T11:44:00.001-07:002015-01-15T18:40:37.659-08:00Vision-Inducing Delphi Fumes Probed<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhZAW1Tr1t1G_OOiWXDApK8hM4IL3gB365huypIN52fIpCDIiagVR7LUQIekCmATYo75aBDn7kinpYm4noo4udfEx-9jcIXNcZ4el9-_H8LzC9sozNI4COUoRpVuP-UDmnr5t6iv6N6tCX/s1600/Elphos.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhZAW1Tr1t1G_OOiWXDApK8hM4IL3gB365huypIN52fIpCDIiagVR7LUQIekCmATYo75aBDn7kinpYm4noo4udfEx-9jcIXNcZ4el9-_H8LzC9sozNI4COUoRpVuP-UDmnr5t6iv6N6tCX/s400/Elphos.jpg" height="640" width="315" /></a></div>
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Part of the mystique surrounding the Oracle of Delphi
concerns the possibility that the oracle herself ~ usually referred to as the
Pythia ~ inhaled fumes as she described her visions. Recent research shows that
the fumes may have existed, and that they likely contained ethylene, creating
an effect similar to the experience sought by modern-day “huffers.” <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
Archeological Odyssey recently published a detailed
account of the research, reprinted in Bible History Daily. Here’s an excerpt: <o:p></o:p></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">The ancient sources describe two distinct types of
prophetic trance experienced by the Pythia. First, and more normally, she would
lapse into benign semi-consciousness, during which she remained seated on the
tripod, responding to questions—though in a strangely altered voice. According
to Plutarch, once the Pythia recovered from this trance, she was in a composed
and relaxed state, like a runner after a race. A second kind of trance involved
a frenzied delirium characterized by wild movements of the limbs, harsh
groaning and inarticulate cries. When the Pythia experienced this delirium,
Plutarch reports, she died after only a few days—and a new Pythia took her
place.</span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">According to toxicologist Henry Spiller, both of
these symptoms are associated with the inhalation of hydrocarbon gases. Spiller
studies the effects of such inhalants on young people, known as “huffers,” who
breathe in fumes from gas, glue, paint thinner and other substances because of
their intoxicating properties. Perhaps the Pythia too was high on one of these
hydrocarbon gases.</span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">It may even be possible to identify the kind of gas.
Plutarch—who, we recall, was a priest of Apollo at the Delphic sanctuary—noted
that the intoxicating pneuma had a sweet smell, like expensive perfume. Of the
hydrocarbon gases, only ethylene has a sweet smell—so ethylene was probably a
component in the gaseous emission inhaled by the Pythia.</span></blockquote>
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Most researchers agree that the Pythia was chosen for
her clairvoyant abilities as a trance medium, and that the fumes likely played
an auxiliary role in her pronouncements.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<i>Image: Painting of the oracle is by the Hon. John Collier, from 1891.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<o:p> </o:p><i><a href="http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/ancient-cultures/daily-life-and-practice/the-oracle-of-delphi%E2%80%94was-she-really-stoned/?mqsc=E3538637&utm_source=WhatCountsEmail&utm_medium=BHDDailyNewsletter&utm_campaign=E3B531">Click here for the article.</a></i></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment-->Gregory LeFeverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11872137290650811690noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1561021949330808781.post-12919813073581433992013-05-27T19:39:00.000-07:002014-10-18T17:31:38.283-07:00Granite Points to Unknown Continent<div class="" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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Scientists this
week announced they may have found a lost continent off the coast of Brazil.
Granite boulders dredged from the
seafloor off the coast of South America two years ago could be remnants of a
long-vanished continent, according to Roberto Ventura Santos, the geology
director of Brazil's Geology Service.<o:p></o:p></div>
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According to National Geographic:<o:p></o:p></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiUGwd_lgs6m3QEw_R9HAJ3Y3yDEpCrNoHAhOqxGrUHYqqn8yhAGcN4nxQeVUpL-oBmXaGeSbpH80m3q4jT2mOsZXxoyq_rvRgH9OCg4pNWotKXNgk4ZFhFoT_DHRnm9mLekbhRmlsLkzC/s1600/Scientists-may-have-found-Brazilian-Atlantis-_5-7-2013_99919_l.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiUGwd_lgs6m3QEw_R9HAJ3Y3yDEpCrNoHAhOqxGrUHYqqn8yhAGcN4nxQeVUpL-oBmXaGeSbpH80m3q4jT2mOsZXxoyq_rvRgH9OCg4pNWotKXNgk4ZFhFoT_DHRnm9mLekbhRmlsLkzC/s400/Scientists-may-have-found-Brazilian-Atlantis-_5-7-2013_99919_l.jpg" height="240" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #990000;">"This could be the Brazilian Atlantis," Santos
said, adding that he was speaking metaphorically and not claiming to have found
the legendary sunken world.</span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">"Obviously, we don't expect to find a lost city
in the middle of the Atlantic."</span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">Santos speculated that the granite—a relatively
low-density rock found in continental crust—belonged to a continent that was
submerged when Africa and South America drifted apart and formed the Atlantic
Ocean about 100 million years ago.</span></blockquote>
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<span style="color: #990000;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #990000;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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But Michael Wysession, an Earth and planetary
scientist at Washington University in St. Louis, noted that granite can find
its way onto the seafloor through other means. <o:p></o:p></div>
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"There are pieces of granite in the middle of
the seafloor that date to about 800 million years ago when we had a snowball
earth scenario and there were large pieces of rock embedded in ice
rafts"—mobile glaciers, essentially—"all over the ocean,"
explained Wysession.<o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
Image: <i style="text-align: center;">Divers near where the granite was found.</i></div>
</div>
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<i><a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/13/130509-brazilian-atlantis-lost-continents-geography-world/">Click here for the article.</a></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment-->Gregory LeFeverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11872137290650811690noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1561021949330808781.post-48885968804063308432013-04-28T20:40:00.001-07:002015-01-15T10:23:51.952-08:00Ceibal Reveals Clues to Mayan Origins<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIT5lpCrQEc_5ueYlhQNTeLDDapconyNPXAIwY7TGG56zB-4Z7ig__yEOWhPoSyT7r2UY6hblZnzWuKxxvohgWPIWOzlPK58UXTWUiN5HCkkTCMCoYmlOm510i1c_zqMdMFpoPqZKonFS1/s1600/ceibal-temple.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIT5lpCrQEc_5ueYlhQNTeLDDapconyNPXAIwY7TGG56zB-4Z7ig__yEOWhPoSyT7r2UY6hblZnzWuKxxvohgWPIWOzlPK58UXTWUiN5HCkkTCMCoYmlOm510i1c_zqMdMFpoPqZKonFS1/s400/ceibal-temple.jpg" height="441" width="640" /></a></div>
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A site called Ceibal in Guatemala is the oldest Mayan ceremonial
compound in Central America’s lowlands and is now believed to have functioned
as a solar observatory for rituals. It also
suggests that the origins of the Maya civilization are more complex than first
believed. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br />
Archaeologists hotly debate whether the Maya --
famous for their complex calendar system that spurred apocalypse rumors last
year -- developed independently or whether they were largely inspired by an
earlier culture known as the Olmec. <o:p></o:p></div>
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According to Discovery News:<o:p></o:p></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">"This major social change happened through interregional
interactions," said study researcher Takeshi Inomata, an anthropologist at
the University of Arizona. But it doesn't look like the Olmec inspired the
Maya, Inomata told reporters. Rather, the entire region went through a cultural
shift around 1000 B.C., with all nearby cultures adopting similar architectural
and ceremonial styles.</span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">"It's signaling to us that the Maya were not
receiving this sophisticated stuff 500 years later from somebody else, but much
of the innovation we're seeing out of the whole region may be coming out of
Ceibal or a place like Ceibal," said Walter Witschey, an anthropologist at
Longwood University in Virginia, who was not involved in the study.</span></blockquote>
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<span style="color: #990000;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #990000;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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The finding comes from seven years of archaeological
excavations at Ceibal, which was occupied continuously for 2,000 years.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<i><a href="http://news.discovery.com/history/archaeology/oldest-maya-sun-observatory-130425.htm">Click here for the article.</a></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment-->Gregory LeFeverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11872137290650811690noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1561021949330808781.post-78822669940301591152013-04-25T20:52:00.000-07:002014-10-18T17:33:33.460-07:00Commerce Rich in Lost Egyptian Port<div class="" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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A lost ancient Egyptian city submerged beneath the
sea 1,200 years ago is starting to reveal what life was like in the legendary
port of Thonis-Heracleion. The city disappeared beneath the
Mediterranean around 1,200 years ago and was found during a survey of the
Egyptian shore at the beginning of the last decade. Now researchers are forming
the view that the city was the main customs hub through which all trade from
Greece and elsewhere in the Mediterranean entered Egypt.</div>
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According to The Telegraph, Dr. Damian Robinson,
director of the Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology at the University of
Oxford, has said: <o:p></o:p></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;"> “It is a major
city we are excavating. The site has amazing preservation. We are now starting
to look at some of the more interesting areas within it to try to understand
life there. </span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3tnhDP1bIpCA3rc7KSNK0HZPd8cmvIf2wZ0RA2UDgAtItdMvl53VM6QERpTJ6yvAf-dDzhtVXMD_Sm7KvJUf0pYlyn6cjPb41agSyTYwkuyr4_EC6kq6tcF48B-KqYLqWIDyCaAEucpwY/s1600/Heracleion-_2548190b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3tnhDP1bIpCA3rc7KSNK0HZPd8cmvIf2wZ0RA2UDgAtItdMvl53VM6QERpTJ6yvAf-dDzhtVXMD_Sm7KvJUf0pYlyn6cjPb41agSyTYwkuyr4_EC6kq6tcF48B-KqYLqWIDyCaAEucpwY/s400/Heracleion-_2548190b.jpg" height="248" width="400" /></a><span style="color: #990000;">"We are getting a rich picture of things like the
trade that was going on there and the nature of the maritime economy in the
Egyptian late period.”</span></blockquote>
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They’ve discovered the remains of more than 60 ships
buried in the seabed. Giant 16-foot statues have been uncovered and brought to
the surface while archaeologists have found hundreds of smaller statues of
minor gods on the sea floor. Dozens of small limestone sarcophagi were also
recently uncovered by divers and are believed to have once contained mummified
animals, put there to appease the gods.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
Image: <i style="text-align: center;">Image is archaeological conception of Heracleion.</i></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<i><a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/environment/archaeology/10022628/Lost-city-of-Heracleion-gives-up-its-secrets.html">Click here for the article.</a></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment-->Gregory LeFeverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11872137290650811690noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1561021949330808781.post-71570510132152054522013-04-21T14:32:00.003-07:002015-01-15T18:41:11.900-08:00Robot Explores Teotihuacan Chamber<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiv6T7-R1EPcRjcVuzNiRLu_U3OAeXSu8ibCuUolVqlUnx5TQV1cOE4Up17QFrImnJrQRf9BLGhpLb3nwVZ-BVsvhFGf6OwyVY5jE9msmRMcvuvVWsAuDeot5nlUHiFPo7aN_ld6tq_Ro3_/s1600/temple-of-quetzalcoatl.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiv6T7-R1EPcRjcVuzNiRLu_U3OAeXSu8ibCuUolVqlUnx5TQV1cOE4Up17QFrImnJrQRf9BLGhpLb3nwVZ-BVsvhFGf6OwyVY5jE9msmRMcvuvVWsAuDeot5nlUHiFPo7aN_ld6tq_Ro3_/s400/temple-of-quetzalcoatl.jpg" height="425" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<i>Portion of the Temple of Quetzalcoatl</i></div>
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Archaeologists are eager to begin robotic exploration
of a tunnel beneath the Temple of Quetzalcoatl in Teotihuacan, one of the
largest pre-Columbian cities in Mesoamerica. The tunnel contains a
2,000-year-old chamber likely used for burial of dignitaries.<o:p></o:p></div>
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According to the National Anthropology and History
Institute (INAH), this is the third time anywhere in the world that such an
automaton is used to execute excavation strategies.<o:p></o:p></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">The Tlaloc II-TC robot, which will be the first to
travel the remaining 30 to 35 meters (100 to 115 feet) of the tunnel, is
composed of three independent mechanisms, the first being the transport vehicle
that reaches a length of over a meter (3 1/4 feet) once its arms are stretched
out. The robotic arms serve to deal with any obstacles in the vehicle’s path.</span></blockquote>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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With the exploration of these areas, the INAH looks
forward to making some of the most important archaeological discoveries yet at
Teotihuacan.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<i><a href="http://www.hispanicallyspeakingnews.com/latino-daily-news/details/modern-tech-to-be-used-in-exploring-mexicos-teotihuacan-ancient-site/23841/">Click here for the article.</a></i></div>
<!--EndFragment-->Gregory LeFeverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11872137290650811690noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1561021949330808781.post-42958094231273823452013-04-03T16:03:00.001-07:002013-04-03T16:04:13.788-07:00Ponce de León and Florida Mythology<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUECfYbxih6kfws-Cd5sYVFpIcutJenSW0-B61icYBE50fOfN3eBAYN12FxQgl5tGN4Sfg4D9Vp1FkE56qj6qBj7UGffxxSEKV9F_dsSqxF9z2dJrAoYFG22uZN2iLP0NOxJ-e3Y_q9rfk/s1600/ponce.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUECfYbxih6kfws-Cd5sYVFpIcutJenSW0-B61icYBE50fOfN3eBAYN12FxQgl5tGN4Sfg4D9Vp1FkE56qj6qBj7UGffxxSEKV9F_dsSqxF9z2dJrAoYFG22uZN2iLP0NOxJ-e3Y_q9rfk/s1600/ponce.jpg" /></a></div>
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Based on last week’s commemoration, it’s been 500
years since Juan Ponce de León discovered Florida. The problem is, he didn’t
discover Florida. And as Florida historian T.D. Allman points out in the New
York Times: “He never did much of anything here except get himself killed.”<br />
<o:p></o:p></div>
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According to Allman’s article:<o:p></o:p></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">Florida probably was first sighted by Portuguese
navigators, or perhaps by the Cabots sailing from England. Either way, it
started appearing on maps as early as 1500.</span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">By 1510, its distinctive peninsular
shape had emerged clearly on maps in Europe. By 1513, when Ponce de Léon first
arrived, so many Europeans had visited Florida that some Indians greeted him in
Spanish.</span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">Ponce never went anywhere near St. Augustine, the
city where he is said to have discovered the Fountain of Youth. He was not an
old man. That tale was concocted by Washington Irving more than 300 years
later.</span></blockquote>
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<span style="color: #990000;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #990000;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Ponce left and then returned on a second voyage. <o:p></o:p></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">On that second voyage he achieved one real Florida
first, albeit an inglorious one. In a skirmish with native inhabitants, Ponce
fired the first shots in what would turn into a 300-year war of ethnic
cleansing … Ponce himself was struck by an arrow. The wound wasn’t serious, but
the Spaniards were as indifferent to sepsis as they were alert to heresy… he
died of fever in Havana, having discovered nothing, founded nothing and
achieved nothing.</span></blockquote>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<i><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/02/opinion/ponce-de-leon-exposed.html?WT.mc_id=NYT-E-I-NYT-E-AT-0403-L23&nl=el&_r=0">Click here for the article.</a></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment-->Gregory LeFeverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11872137290650811690noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1561021949330808781.post-55292925715117913532013-03-30T18:49:00.000-07:002013-03-30T18:49:47.385-07:00Civilization? Blame It on the Beer<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7elFzQn4UZxbdq0WKQWQi_W4fUI3pP3Ldn0eFXqUD-me9afMhkVbw399uoLa4idGRUi1pMb6pAK9i9eNcilnM6S5yodgvIYG_5lruCFKZAdGNBpl4ZRTNgn-aCBjUD9QuvvROIUtRO2Eu/s1600/Cavemanfirepaintingenhanced.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7elFzQn4UZxbdq0WKQWQi_W4fUI3pP3Ldn0eFXqUD-me9afMhkVbw399uoLa4idGRUi1pMb6pAK9i9eNcilnM6S5yodgvIYG_5lruCFKZAdGNBpl4ZRTNgn-aCBjUD9QuvvROIUtRO2Eu/s400/Cavemanfirepaintingenhanced.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Inebriation may have played a pivotal role in the
formation of human society, according to speculation in a recent New York Times
column:</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">Luckily, from time to time, our ancestors, like other
animals, would run across fermented fruit or grain and sample it. How this
accidental discovery evolved into the first keg party, of course, is still
unknown. But evolve it did, perhaps as early as 10,000 years ago.</span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;"><o:p> </o:p>Current theory has it that grain was first domesticated
for food. But since the 1950s, many scholars have found circumstantial evidence
that supports the idea that some early humans grew and stored grain for beer,
even before they cultivated it for bread.</span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;"><o:p> </o:p>. . . Once the effects of these early brews were
discovered, the value of beer (as well as wine and other fermented potions)
must have become immediately apparent. With the help of the new
psychopharmacological brew, humans could quell the angst of defying those herd
instincts. Conversations around the campfire, no doubt, took on a new
dimension: the painfully shy, their angst suddenly quelled, could now speak
their minds.</span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;"><o:p> </o:p>But the alcohol would have had more far-ranging effects,
too, reducing the strong herd instincts to maintain a rigid social structure.
In time, humans became more expansive in their thinking, as well as more
collaborative and creative.</span></blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The article does make a point that ancient beers had far
less alcohol than today’s brews, and that the distillation of more potent beer
became a mere 2,000 years ago.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/17/opinion/sunday/how-beer-gave-us-civilization.html?ref=opinion&_r=1&">Click here for the article.</a></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<!--EndFragment-->Gregory LeFeverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11872137290650811690noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1561021949330808781.post-38402511277278457542013-03-28T14:12:00.000-07:002013-04-03T16:04:44.788-07:00Ancient 'Gate to Hell' is Unearthed<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM9keh-AlsJ6KQgwesjVh5yXGMBsFDSmcW0Cm_-PGKNqizHhxHnrxsAPBolFC_IXciNE9eLh6AqVHhqiMdZVigANOPHCqjEocaqisAvuKJgSR9KaN1cKn7MWHnK5m_NoBEGr265R_4COmm/s1600/gate+of+hell.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM9keh-AlsJ6KQgwesjVh5yXGMBsFDSmcW0Cm_-PGKNqizHhxHnrxsAPBolFC_IXciNE9eLh6AqVHhqiMdZVigANOPHCqjEocaqisAvuKJgSR9KaN1cKn7MWHnK5m_NoBEGr265R_4COmm/s400/gate+of+hell.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Ancient ruins of Pluto’s Gate ~ more colorfully known
as the “Gate to Hell” ~ is believed to have been unearthed by a team headed by Francesco
D'Andria, professor of classic archaeology at the University of Salento in
Lecce, Italy, who has been excavating the ancient Greco-Roman site of
Hierapolis for years.<o:p></o:p></div>
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D’Andria says he used ancient mythology as his guide
to locate the legendary portal to the underworld. “We found the Plutonium by
reconstructing the route of a thermal spring,” he says. “Indeed, Pamukkale'
springs, which produce the famous white travertine terraces originate from this
cave.”<o:p></o:p></div>
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Scribes like Cicero and the Greek geographer Strabo mentioned
the gate to hell as located at the ancient site in Turkey, noted Discovery, but
nobody had been able to find it until now. Strabo (64 B.C.- 24 B.C.) wrote:
“This space is full of a vapor so misty and dense that one can scarcely see the
ground. Any animal that passes inside meets instant death. I threw in sparrows
and they immediately breathed their last and fell.”<o:p></o:p></div>
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The portal to the underworld seems just as bad for
your health today. According to Discovery News, the fumes emanated from a cave
below the site, which includes ionic columns with inscriptions to Pluto and
Kore, gods of the underworld. “We could see the cave's lethal properties during
the excavation,” D’Andria says. “Several birds died as they tried to get close
to the warm opening, instantly killed by the carbon dioxide fumes.”<o:p></o:p></div>
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<i>Image is a digital rendering of the site.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<i><a href="http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/sideshow/scientists-reportedly-discover-gate-hell-203918901.html">Click here for the article.</a></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment-->Gregory LeFeverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11872137290650811690noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1561021949330808781.post-36737862685598137982013-03-13T18:03:00.000-07:002013-04-03T16:06:40.513-07:00Clovis Comet Lacks Evidence<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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A group of scientists from archaeology to crystallography
and physics are disputing the long-held theory that a comet crashing into the
Earth some 13,000 years ago spelled doom to a group of early North American
people and ice-age beasts in the region.<br />
<br />
The<b> </b>prehistoric
Paleo-Indian group known as the Clovis culture suffered its demise at the same
time the region underwent significant climate cooling known as the Younger
Dryas.<br />
<br />
"Despite more than four years of trying by many
qualified researchers, no unambiguous evidence has been found [of such an
event]," Mark Boslough, a physicist at Sandia National Laboratories in New
Mexico, tells LiveScience. "That lack of evidence is therefore evidence of
absence."<br />
<br /></div>
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According to LiveScience:<o:p></o:p></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">In 2007, a team of scientists led by Richard
Firestone of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California suggested
these changes were the result of a collision or explosion of an enormous comet
or asteroid.</span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">The theory has remained controversial, with no sign of a crater
that would have resulted from such an impact.</span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">"If a four-kilometer [2.5-mile] comet had broken
up over North America only 12.9 thousand years ago, it is certain that it would
have left an unambiguous impact crater or craters, as well as unambiguous
shocked materials," Boslough said.</span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">A large rock plunging into the Earth's atmosphere may
detonate in the air without coming into contact with the ground. Such an
explosion occurred in Siberia in the early 20th century; the explosive energy
of the so-called Tunguska event was more than 1,000 times more powerful than the
atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima.</span></blockquote>
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<span style="color: #990000;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #990000;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #990000;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Boslough said the math doesn't add up. The object
responsible for the Tunguska event was very small, about 130 to 160 feet (40 to
50 meters) wide. The proposed North American space rock linked with the Clovis
demise is estimated to have been closer to 2.5 miles (4 kilometers) across. "The physics doesn't support the idea of
something that big exploding in the air," he said.</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<i><a href="http://news.yahoo.com/did-comet-really-chill-kill-clovis-culture-165411831.html">Click here for the article.</a></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment-->Gregory LeFeverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11872137290650811690noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1561021949330808781.post-56498031056782659372013-03-04T14:41:00.001-08:002013-04-03T16:07:20.412-07:00Factors Contributed to Akkadian Fall<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Today’s political strife in Syria parallels events the
fall of the Akkadian empire in Mesopotamia more than 4,000 years ago, according
to research published recently.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The Akkadian empire thrived in the third millennium
BC, but around 2,200 BC drought hit and people fled from urban centers, leading
to collapse of the government. The entire empire faltered amidst calamities referred
to as the third-millennium Mesopotamian urban crisis.<o:p></o:p></div>
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According to Scientific American:<o:p></o:p></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">Until now, our understanding of the Mesopotamian
urban crisis had been based on archaeological studies of ceramic artifacts and
changes in the size of archaeological sites along with what we know about
farming practices popular at the time.</span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">But archaeologist Ellery Frahm of the University of
Sheffield in the UK and his colleagues used geochemical techniques and rock
magnetic analyses to examine trade and the social networks associated with it
instead.</span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">The researchers used electron microscopy and chemical
analyses to examine 97 obsidian tools excavated earlier from a site called Tell
Mozan, dating from the early Akkadian empire to several centuries after its
demise. Located in the foothills of the Taurus Mountains in northeastern Syria,
the site was known as Urkesh in antiquity, and was densely populated at the
height of the Akkadian empire.</span></blockquote>
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<span style="color: #990000;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #990000;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Parallels exist to the situation in Syria today.
"Some archaeologists contend that the Akkadian Empire was brought down by
militarism and that violence ended its central economic role in the region, and
a governmental collapse is a real possibility in Syria after nearly two years
of fighting," Frahm says.<o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
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<i>Image is Mesopotamian stela depicting the god Nanna from
around 2080 BC.</i><o:p></o:p></div>
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<i><a href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=fall-of-ancient-empire-linked-to-crisis-in-syria">Click here for the article.</a></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment-->Gregory LeFeverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11872137290650811690noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1561021949330808781.post-63252009492364240582013-02-27T15:14:00.002-08:002013-03-17T18:15:01.489-07:00Dead Sea Cave Yielding More Artifacts<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguy_aD8iEKcVEK_8vwnGonZUJ5ZUhYbJU30pzAM516shLz6ScIIoNVZ8ddWOLSEtc8ZFDj8h1yn8roUi7qr9_94FrIHj9oHFiOhTKxrP9gEcVVjnOckqxKKuRrIy80kn6s0h-ar3Q25sbe/s1600/cave.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="318" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguy_aD8iEKcVEK_8vwnGonZUJ5ZUhYbJU30pzAM516shLz6ScIIoNVZ8ddWOLSEtc8ZFDj8h1yn8roUi7qr9_94FrIHj9oHFiOhTKxrP9gEcVVjnOckqxKKuRrIy80kn6s0h-ar3Q25sbe/s400/cave.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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On a cliff high above the Dead Sea, archaeologists
have uncovered more artifacts that may hold clues to a cave that has yielded the
Dead Sea Scrolls.<o:p></o:p></div>
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According to Popular Archaelogy:<o:p></o:p></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">Led by Dr. Haim Cohen of Israel's Haifa University, a
small team ascended a steep escarpment of rocky terrain to the cave each
morning at 5.45 a.m. beginning on November 28 for several weeks of painstaking
excavation.</span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;"> Cave 27, also called the "Mikveh Cave" or <i>Cave
of the Pool at Nahal David</i>, is best known for the Second Temple period (530
BCE to 70 CE) <i>mikveh</i>, or ritual cleansing pool, dated to the time of the
first centuries B.C. and A.D.</span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">The cave is located in a cliff approximately 400
meters above the Dead Sea and is accessible from a plateau above the cave.
Among the many other finds excavated in past seasons were Early Roman period
potsherds, flint tools, remains of straw matting, textiles, date pits,
ropes, olive pits, animal bones, two coins of Agrippa I, a glass bottle,
an iron trilobate arrowhead from the Early Roman period, a pottery seal with a
geometric decoration considered to be from the Chalcolithic period, and an
ashen hearth.</span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;"> The most intriguing questions, however, have
surrounded the presence of the mikveh at the entrance to the cave, a relatively
unusual location for such a feature. </span></blockquote>
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<span style="color: #990000;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #990000;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #990000;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
Cohen and his team have uncovered new artifacts and
items that will help them answer some important questions about what the cave
was used for, who may have inhabited or used the cave, and what significance
the cave holds. Recent efforts have uncovered a large amount of pottery
dated to the Second Temple period, and some dated to the Chalcolithic and Iron
Age. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<i><a href="http://popular-archaeology.com/issue/december-2012/article/dead-sea-cave-yields-new-finds"><o:p> </o:p>Click here for the article.</a></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment-->Gregory LeFeverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11872137290650811690noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1561021949330808781.post-92119176047367890712013-02-25T20:04:00.000-08:002013-03-17T18:14:50.897-07:00Grave Could Change Image of Ancient Celts<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisb1dlErewWVzhA_W6ZrZL0Ln1kPanB89f6JYh9geKAuItQBkDXzon1mbcpu3gbaCrVkfBoXFh-WOvt1fWktsRh3WaGORxzr6FAbrRMYR_YOW2eaa7-K9sNMzhuxG2s3KF7S43244Xzde2/s1600/celts.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisb1dlErewWVzhA_W6ZrZL0Ln1kPanB89f6JYh9geKAuItQBkDXzon1mbcpu3gbaCrVkfBoXFh-WOvt1fWktsRh3WaGORxzr6FAbrRMYR_YOW2eaa7-K9sNMzhuxG2s3KF7S43244Xzde2/s400/celts.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
New findings from a 2,600-year-old grave in Germany
suggest the Celts were much more sophisticated than previously thought. Not far
from the Heuneburg, the site of an early Celtic settlement, researchers in 2010
stumbled upon the elaborate grave of a Celtic princess. In addition to gold and
amber, they found a subterranean burial chamber fitted with massive oak beams..<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
The discovery could change history’s view of the
Celts. Roman writers in particular described the heterogeneous people as
barbaric, only excelling in violence and war. But that's a distorted view,
according to Dirk L. Krausse from Baden-Wurttemberg's state office for historic
preservation.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
"There's also a bit of propaganda involved,
since the Celts conquered Rome in the year 387 B.C., so they couldn't have been
so primitive," Krausse explained. The findings at the Heuneburg near
Hundersingen also indicate that the Celts living in the upper Danube region
were more advanced than previously thought.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
Researchers are hoping to learn more about the Celts'
wars of domination ~ one of the greatest mysteries of central European history
~ specifically why the Celts were advancing quickly from the sixth century B.C.
until the birth of Christ and then abruptly disappeared from the scene.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<i>Image is artist rendition of 2,500-year-old Celtic warriors.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<i><a href="http://www.dw.de/archeologists-revise-image-of-ancient-celts/a-16528844">Click here for the article.</a></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment-->Gregory LeFeverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11872137290650811690noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1561021949330808781.post-28774925645257728032013-01-13T19:51:00.004-08:002013-03-17T18:17:59.029-07:00Isolation Forced Viking Departure<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE2X5DHaMDt1Cdp4NuKRbpIsJvOfIo4nMFm0vHSs4sIQDQz3FSCOVAxvp7oIivfRsnh9PlAoXS35SL4uS45Jd0MGPNgI8BnEi9h_bCwJOM75qNXHOtwNsi-zrlhE5D6uxSpdKWOoxh7JpK/s1600/viking_church_5847.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE2X5DHaMDt1Cdp4NuKRbpIsJvOfIo4nMFm0vHSs4sIQDQz3FSCOVAxvp7oIivfRsnh9PlAoXS35SL4uS45Jd0MGPNgI8BnEi9h_bCwJOM75qNXHOtwNsi-zrlhE5D6uxSpdKWOoxh7JpK/s400/viking_church_5847.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<i>Ruins of the Viking church in Qaqortoq, Greenland</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Archaeologists now
suspect the economic and identity issues ~ not starvation and disease ~ caused
Vikings to abandon Greenland in the 15<sup>th</sup> century, something that has
puzzled researchers for centuries. According to Spiegel
Online:</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">Until now, many
experts had assumed that the cooling of the climate and the resulting crop failures
and famines had ushered in the end of the Scandinavian colony. But now a
Danish-Canadian team of scientists believes that it can refute this theory of
decline.</span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">The scientists
suspect that a combination of causes made life there unbearable for the
Scandinavian immigrants. For instance, there was hardly any demand anymore for
walrus tusks and seal skins, the colony's most important export items. What's
more, by the mid-14th century, regular ship traffic with Norway and Iceland had
ceased.</span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">As a result,
Greenland's residents were increasingly isolated from their mother countries. Although they
urgently needed building lumber and iron tools, they could now only get their
hands on them sporadically.</span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">"It became more
and more difficult for the Greenlanders to attract merchants from Europe to the
island," speculates Jette Arneborg, an archeologist at the National Museum
of Denmark, in Copenhagen. "But, without trade, they couldn't survive in
the long run."</span></blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Speculation is that
the settlers probably also worried about loss of their Scandinavian identity.
They saw themselves as farmers and ranchers rather than fishermen and hunters,
with their social status based on the land and livestock they owned.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://abcnews.go.com/International/archaeologists-find-clues-viking-mystery/story?id=18183196"><i>Click here for the article.</i></a><o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment-->Gregory LeFeverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11872137290650811690noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1561021949330808781.post-48157579754613798932012-12-16T08:48:00.001-08:002013-03-17T18:15:14.384-07:00Skull Fraud 'Created' the Brontosaurus<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-jcjzpEXx9wgynNNwqFuL7j_0wjOujx-NP9SzlxY4EqJwzw-gAUUjOITVJRoklbiwYEFN84dDQGNQICgwwQPNnu76miNyNM1-zjIPwd1L-as66Sk24ubU-ebUPLClplc6q7yMpmvP98us/s1600/images.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-jcjzpEXx9wgynNNwqFuL7j_0wjOujx-NP9SzlxY4EqJwzw-gAUUjOITVJRoklbiwYEFN84dDQGNQICgwwQPNnu76miNyNM1-zjIPwd1L-as66Sk24ubU-ebUPLClplc6q7yMpmvP98us/s400/images.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<i>With the correct skull, it's an Apatosaurus as shown here.</i></div>
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This post concerns the very, very ancient, but it’s
here because it’s a fascinating tale. It seems the fierce competition for fame between
two palentologists ~ O.C. Marsh of Yale and Edward Cope of Philadelphia ~ led
to the false creation of the Bronosaurus, a creature that, as it turns out,
never existed.<o:p></o:p></div>
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According to NPR, quoting Matt Lamanna of the
Carnegie Museum of Natural History:<o:p></o:p></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">It was in the heat of this competition, in 1877, that
Marsh discovered the partial skeleton of a long-necked, long-tailed,
leaf-eating dinosaur he dubbed Apatosaurus. It was missing a skull, so in 1883
when Marsh published a reconstruction of his Apatosaurus, Lamanna says he used
the head of another dinosaur — thought to be a Camarasaurus — to complete the
skeleton.</span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">"Two years later," Lamanna says, "his
fossil collectors that were working out West sent him a second skeleton that he
thought belonged to a different dinosaur that he named Brontosaurus."</span> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: #990000;">But it wasn't a different dinosaur. It was simply a
more complete Apatosaurus — one that Marsh, in his rush to one-up Cope, carelessly
and quickly mistook for something new.</span></blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #990000;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #990000;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #990000;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
You can easily guess the rest of the story. What’s
particularly amazing is that the two warring paleontologists even ordered some
dinosaur skeletons to be smashed to pieces while still in the ground, just so
the other fellow wouldn’t unearth them.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.npr.org/2012/12/09/166665795/forget-extinct-the-brontosaurus-never-even-existed?ft=3&f=111787346&sc=nl&cc=es-20121216"><o:p> </o:p>Click here for the article.</a></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment-->Gregory LeFeverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11872137290650811690noreply@blogger.com0